The Comparison of Working Memory and Reaction Time in Non-Athlete, Athlete and Heroin-Dependent Individuals *

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare memory working and semantic strop in non-athlete, athlete and heroin-dependent individuals. Method: The present study was a causal-comparative study. Forty-five men were selected by convenience sampling and divided into three groups: non-athlete, athlete, and heroin-dependent individuals. Participants were assessed using neuropsychological instruments that measure semantic strop and working memory. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of athlete, non-athlete, and heroin-dependent individuals on the variables of working memory and semantic strop, so that both non-athlete and athlete groups performed better than the heroin-dependent group. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups of non-athletes and athletes. Conclusion: Moderate exercise and physical activity with superior attention control to prevent distraction in interfering situations improve attention, cognitive speed and working memory. In contrast, individuals with substance use disorder have moderate cognitive deficits.